Traveller's diarrhoea is a common condition experienced by individuals visiting countries with differing levels of food and water hygiene. It is typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can be uncomfortable, though it is usually not serious.
Initial self-care treatment
Most cases of traveller's diarrhoea resolve without the need for medical intervention. In the initial stages, self-care measures can be highly effective:
- Rehydration: It is essential to replace fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhoea. This can be achieved by drinking plenty of water, but oral rehydration salts (ORS) are ideal as they replenish both fluids and salts.
- Dietary changes: Stick to bland foods such as plain rice, bananas, toast, and broth to ease digestion. Avoid spicy, greasy, or heavy foods.
- Rest: Allowing the body to recover with plenty of rest is essential for overcoming the condition.
Medical treatment
In more severe cases, medical attention may be required. If you pass blood, keep vomiting or have severe tummy pain, then seek medical attention. Treatments include:
- Antibiotics: In cases where diarrhoea is caused by bacteria, a short course of antibiotics may be prescribed, particularly for severe symptoms or if blood is present in the stool.
- Hospitalisation: Rarely, hospitalisation may be required if dehydration becomes severe.
Over-the-counter medications
If symptoms persist or cause significant discomfort, over-the-counter medications can be helpful:
- Anti-diarrhoeal agents: Medications such as loperamide can be taken to reduce the frequency of bowel movements and manage symptoms, though they should not be overused, especially if the diarrhoea is caused by bacteria.
- Probiotics: Taking probiotics may help restore the natural balance of gut bacteria and reduce the duration of diarrhoea.
Prevention
Preventative measures are essential to reduce the risk of traveller's diarrhoea:
- Drink only bottled or properly boiled water.
- Avoid raw foods or undercooked meats.
- Wash hands regularly, especially before eating.
Effective prevention and treatment ensure that traveller's diarrhoea remains a manageable condition.