Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination
The Japanese Encephalitis vaccine is given in two doses with 28 days in between injections. However, if needed quickly the immunisation can be given within one week. This vaccine should be completed at least one month before travelling to ensure adequate immunity.
When to get vaccinated
Plan your vaccines two months in advance to allow one month following your second dose to build up antibodies.
How it is given
The vaccine is administered via an injection, typically in the upper arm.
Children
The vaccine is suitable for children aged two months and over.
Risks if you contract Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis can cause symptoms including a headache, high temperature, nausea, or stomach pain. More severe cases where infection spreads to the brain can include severe headaches, confusion, paralysis, seizures, meningitis, permanent side effects, and death.
Course
Adults will be given two injections, around 1 month apart or within 1 week. A booster dose is also given 1-2 years following the initial course.
Side effects
Short-term side effects may include a sore injection site, tiredness, or fever. Severe side effects are rare.
Additional precautions
In addition to the vaccine, while travelling, be sure to use insect repellent, sleep under an insecticide-treated mosquito net, and wear clothing that covers your skin.
Before the appointment
Make sure you are free from high fever on the day of your appointment and check the vaccine ingredients for potential allergens.
What is Japanese Encephalitis?
Japanese Encephalitis is a viral infection mainly transmitted by bites from infected mosquitoes. The condition can lead to severe neurological complications such as meningitis or encephalitis or symptoms including fever, headache, and confusion. While many infected people may remain asymptomatic, the infection poses risks for those travelling to endemic areas.
It is estimated that there are 100,000 cases of Japanese Encephalitis each year and that the fatality rate among those with encephalitis symptoms could be up to 30%. Permanent neurologic, cognitive, and behavioural effects can happen in 30–50% of symptomatic cases. (source: World Health Organisation).
The risk of Japanese Encephalitis in the UK is very low. The virus is not endemic to Western Europe, and the environmental conditions that support mosquito breeding are mostly absent.
Travel risks are heightened in regions where the virus is prevalent, typically in rural and agricultural destinations where mosquitoes breed in stagnant water near rice fields, wetlands, or pig farms. Travellers who plan to engage in activities in these areas, especially during the rainy season, should take preventive measures. This includes vaccination, insect repellent, and protective clothing.
